Abstract
Sleep can significantly modulate the immune response to infectious agents. In the current study, changes in sleep quality during COVID-19-induced confinement among adults were investigated. This was a cross-sectional survey study of the public using social media. Participants (n = 1846) were recruited in the study, of which >92% reported a variety of confinement procedures such as self-quarantine, physical distancing, banning of public events, school closure, and lockdown. Majority of the participants (53–59%) reported an increase in most of the sleep parameters except a decrease (49.1%) in daytime sleep. Age was associated with changes in sleeping disturbances during COVID-19 confinement (p < 0.001). Young participants were more likely to experience sleeping disturbance than older ones (p < 0.05). In addition, gender (p < 0.001) is an independent predictor of nighttime sleeping. Being a male is associated with a “decrease” and being a female is associated with an “increase” in nighttime sleeping hours (p < 0.05). Moreover, change in daytime sleeping was related to age, gender, and job type (p < 0.05). In conclusion, changes in sleep quality during COVID-19-induced confinement were reported. Intervention programs and strategies are warranted to further improve sleep during the current and future disease-induced confinement.
Highlights
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has started in Wuhan, China since December 2019 [1]
A total of 1846 participants were agreed to participate in the study, among which 89 (4.1%) provided no sleeping data, excluded from the analysis
The current study examined the changes in sleep habits (SH) among adults
Summary
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has started in Wuhan, China since December 2019 [1]. The virus has rapidly spread around the globe, compelling the World Health Organization to announce it as a global pandemic [2]. The transmission of the virus and the high number of cases led governments around the world to impose rules and regulations, including confinement tactics, to help to intercept, or at least, slow down the spread of the virus [7]. These tactics included social distancing, quarantine, shielding, lockdown and complete isolation. People were confined to homes, which affected normal activities, daily routine, lifestyle, and quality of life [8, 9]
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