Abstract
This chapter discusses sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure (HF). The association between HF and sleep disturbance can be divided into two major categories: the symptoms of HF which result in direct disruption of sleep and insomnia; and sleep apnoea syndromes (central sleep apnoea syndrome (CSAS), which is usually a consequence of worsening HF; and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, which may be a precursor of cardiac diseases leading to the development of chronic HF). The diagnosis and treatment options for these categories are shown. The prognosis of patients with chronic HF seems to be significantly worse if CSAS is present. Treatment options include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and supplemental oxygen. Adequately powered prospective randomized controlled trials with survival and health status as endpoints are needed to establish whether the correction of sleep-related abnormalities of breathing in patients with HF really does improve outcome.
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