Abstract
BackgroundSleep disturbances are common in patients with functional dyspepsia. Our aim was to assess the relationship between subjective sleep and quality of life and to identify factors associated with impaired sleep in functional dyspepsia.MethodsOne thousand two hundred and twenty patients referred for functional gastrointestinal disorders at a single tertiary care center between end 2017 and June 2019 were studied using a self-administered questionnaire. 355 patients with Rome IV-based functional dyspepsia were identified. Sleep was assessed using both the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The severity of dyspeptic symptoms was assessed using the Total Symptom Score (TSS). Quality of life was assessed by the GastroIntestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI). Anxiety and depression levels were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale.Key ResultsAmong the 355 patients with functional dyspepsia, 66 (18.6%) patients displayed normal sleep quality whereas 289 (81.4%) patients had altered sleep quality. Functional dyspepsia patients with sleep disturbances were older (48.1 ± 15.4 vs. 41.4 ± 16.0, p = 0.0009), had decreased quality of life (GIQLI: 75.3 ± 18.5 vs. 92.1 ± 15.4, p < 0.0001), greater severity of their symptoms (TSS: 18.9 ± 3.6 vs. 17.2 ± 3.9, p = 0.0007), and higher anxiety and depression scores (HADS: 17.7 ± 7.2 vs. 11.9 ± 5.1, p < 0.0001). A correlation was found between sleep quality and quality of life [r = −0.43 (95% CI: −0.51 to −0.34), p < 0.0001]. Independent factors predicting poor sleep quality were age [OR 1.03 (95% CI = 1.01–1.05), p = 0.006], depression level [OR 1.27 (95% CI = 1.16–1.39); p < 0.0001], and the severity of dyspeptic symptoms [OR 1.13 (95% CI = 1.04–1.22); p = 0.004].Conclusion and InferencesA high prevalence of sleep disturbances was found in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia, with 81% of them having altered sleep quality and 61% having insomnia based on subjective assessment. Altered sleep quality and insomnia were associated with altered quality of life, higher severity of symptoms, and higher anxiety and depression scores in this disorder.
Highlights
IntroductionMATERIALS AND METHODSFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) affecting 7.2% of the general population in the Western world (Sperber et al, 2021a), defined by upper digestive complaints (epigastric pain and/or burning, early satiation, and/or postprandial fullness) lasting for more than 6 months with a negative workup according to the Rome committee (Stanghellini et al, 2016)
MATERIALS AND METHODSFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) affecting 7.2% of the general population in the Western world (Sperber et al, 2021a), defined by upper digestive complaints lasting for more than 6 months with a negative workup according to the Rome committee (Stanghellini et al, 2016)
We confirm the high prevalence of sleep disturbances in FD patients, with 81% of patients having altered sleep quality based on subjective assessment and 61% having insomnia
Summary
MATERIALS AND METHODSFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) affecting 7.2% of the general population in the Western world (Sperber et al, 2021a), defined by upper digestive complaints (epigastric pain and/or burning, early satiation, and/or postprandial fullness) lasting for more than 6 months with a negative workup according to the Rome committee (Stanghellini et al, 2016). Sleep disorders are frequent, are associated with upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms and predict impaired quality of life (QoL) (Cremonini et al, 2009). They are known to be even more frequent in patients with FD compared to controls (Fass et al, 2000; Lu et al, 2005; Lacy et al, 2011; Futagami et al, 2013a; Shimpuku et al, 2014; Li et al, 2018), affecting over half of the patients in a recent meta-analysis (Andreev et al, 2021). Our aim was to assess the relationship between subjective sleep and quality of life and to identify factors associated with impaired sleep in functional dyspepsia
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