Abstract

Sleep in women and men have been studied in several studies with higher prevalence of sleep complaints in women compared with men. Several factors can affect sleep and could be argued to contribute to sex and gender differences in general sleep. There are no differences in guidelines when measuring sleep in women but several sleep assessment tools have been validated or compared between sexes. Because there is still a lack of knowledge on sleep measurements in women, the present review aimed to produce an overview of the current knowledge of objective and subjective sleep measurements in women.

Highlights

  • Sleep in women and men has been investigated in several studies, showing higher prevalence of sleep complaints in women compared with men and with an increasing difference with increasing age.[1]

  • It is of importance that future studies have a greater focus on potential sex differences

  • In addition to what we have covered in this review, there is a great need for future studies to

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Sleep in women and men has been investigated in several studies, showing higher prevalence of sleep complaints in women compared with men and with an increasing difference with increasing age.[1] polysomnography (PSG) has not clearly shown this, and some studies have shown better objectively measured sleep in women compared with men.[2,3,4] In addition, chronotype has been compared between gender, showing women to be less evening type than men. Several PSG studies have shown differences in objective sleep variables in women compared with men These studies have shown longer sleep latency,[15] shorter total sleep time,[15] more slow wave sleep (SWS), and less nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage 1 and 2 in women compared with men.[16] In older adults, less delta activity (indicates so-called deep sleep) have been shown in women compared with men.[17] actigraphy data have shown differences in sleep variables between women and men. It has been discussed whether or not signals of PSG are different in men compared with women due to differences in skull characteristics.[31]

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