Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is considered to be abnormal motor skills learning, identified by clumsiness, slowness, and/or motor inaccuracy impairing the daily-life activities in all ages of life, in the absence of sensory, cognitive, or neurological deficits impairment. The present research focuses on studying DCD sleep structure and Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) parameters with a full overnight polysomnography and to study the putative correlations between sleep architecture and CAP parameters with motor coordination skills. The study was a cross-sectional design involving 42 children (26M/16F; mean age 10.12 ± 1.98) selected as a DCD group compared with 79 children (49M/30F; mean age 9.94 ± 2.84) identified as typical (no-DCD) for motor ability and sleep macrostructural parameters according to the MABC-2 and polysomnographic (PSG) evaluations. The two groups (DCD and non-DCD) were similar for age (p = 0.715) and gender (p = 0.854). More significant differences in sleep architecture and CAP parameters were found between two groups and significant correlations were identified between sleep parameters and motor coordination skills in the study population. In conclusion, our data show relevant abnormalities in sleep structure of DCD children and suggest a role for rapid components of A phases on motor coordination development
Highlights
Motor coordination is a generic term to identify ability in planning and performing motor skills according to the biological principles of efficiency and economy.In general, many clinical conditions may impact motor skills such as epileptic syndromes, autism spectrum disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), primary headaches, learning disorders, and obesity [1,2], whereas, when motor coordination is primarily impaired, DevelopmentalCoordination Disorder (DCD) may be identified.According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria [3], Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is considered as abnormal motor skills learning identified by clumsiness, slowness, and/or motor inaccuracy impairing the daily-life activities in all age of life, in the absence of sensory, cognitive, or neurological deficits impairment [3]
Public Health 2019, 16, 3716 parasomnias, and daytime sleepiness in DCD school-children, suggesting that sleep patterns of children with DCD may be of clinical relevance and are worthy of further investigation [4]
Based on macrostructural sleep parameters, DCD children showed a significant reduction in all sleep duration parameters than the control group (TIB p = 0.003; SPT p = 0.003; TST p = 0.001) and in REM% (p < 0.001) (Table 1), while no significant differences were found in sleep respiratory and movement parameters (Table 1)
Summary
Motor coordination is a generic term to identify ability in planning and performing motor skills according to the biological principles of efficiency and economy. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria [3], DCD is considered as abnormal motor skills learning identified by clumsiness, slowness, and/or motor inaccuracy impairing the daily-life activities in all age of life, in the absence of sensory, cognitive, or neurological deficits impairment [3]. In this picture, DCD can impair many relevant adaptive domains such as self-care activities, education levels, self-employment, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. To study the putative correlations between sleep macrostructure and NREM instability and motor coordination skills; to study DCD sleep structure and NREM instability with a full overnight polysomnography in order to compare the data with the sleep structure of a group of unaffected children
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