Abstract
When highly automated driving is realized, the role of the driver will change dramatically. Drivers will even be able to sleep during the drive. However, when awaking from sleep, drivers often experience sleep inertia, meaning they are feeling groggy and are impaired in their driving performance―which can be an issue with the concept of dual-mode vehicles that allow both manual and automated driving. Proactive methods to avoid sleep inertia like the widely applied ‘NASA nap’ are not immediately practicable in automated driving. Therefore, a reactive countermeasure, the sleep inertia counter-procedure for drivers (SICD), has been developed with the aim to activate and motivate the driver as well as to measure the driver’s alertness level. The SICD is evaluated in a study with N = 21 drivers in a level highly automation driving simulator. The SICD was able to activate the driver after sleep and was perceived as “assisting” by the drivers. It was not capable of measuring the driver’s alertness level. The interpretation of the findings is limited due to a lack of a comparative baseline condition. Future research is needed on direct comparisons of different countermeasures to sleep inertia that are effective and accepted by drivers.
Highlights
Automated driving systems (ADS) are about to be introduced to the market and they have the potential to change the way we travel fundamentally
Two expert workshops were conducted with the aim to work out prototype wake-up concepts and a framework for a concept to counter sleep inertia in automated driving
N = 8 and N = 9 experts with backgrounds in human factors, traffic psychology and HMI design participated in the workshops
Summary
Automated driving systems (ADS) are about to be introduced to the market and they have the potential to change the way we travel fundamentally. Technologies such as Internet of Things, Big Data and Connected Vehicles further promote the progress in the development of ADS [1]. In a more recent survey in five countries, “sleeping and relaxing” was stated as the preferred way to spend an automated drive [3]. This desire can be explained by the requirements of the modern lifestyle with long working hours and extended time spent on commuting.
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