Sleep in the Substance-using Population

Abstract

<P>The effect of any psychoactive substance on an individual’s sleep will depend on whether that substance is a stimulant, depressant, or has other effects on the brain. A schema is portrayed in. The effect of withdrawal from the substance generally will be opposite to the intoxication effects. Psychoactive substances are classified as sedative hypnotics, stimulants, opioids, hallucinogens, and arylcyclohexylamines.</P> <h4>ABOUT THE AUTHORS</h4> <P>Paul G. Casola, MD, PhD, FRCPC, is a Psychiatrist with the Salvation Army Harbour Light Centre, and Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. R. Jeffrey Goldsmith, MD, DFAPA, is a Psychiatrist with the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dual Diagnosis Services, and Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati. Jeff Daiter, MD, CCFP, FCFP, is Chief Medical Director, Ontario Addiction Treatment Centres, Oak Ridges Medical Centre, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. Michael Verenbut, MD, CCFP, FCFP, is Chief Medical Director, Ontario Addiction Treatment Centres, and Assistant Profressor, University of Toronto, Oak Ridges Medical Center.</P> <P>Address correspondence to: Paul G. Casola, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; or email <a href="mailto:paul.casola@utoronto.ca">paul.casola@utoronto.ca</a>.</P> <P>The authors disclosed no relevant financial relationships.</P>