Sleep Health Characteristics among Adults Who Attempted Weight Loss in the Past Year: NHANES 2017-2018.

Marquis S Hawkins,Kathleen M Mctigue,Esa M Davis,Kaleab Z Abebe,Daniel J Buysse,Wei-Hsin Hsiao,Michele D Levine

doi:10.3390/ijerph181910170

Marquis S Hawkins, Kathleen M Mctigue + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910170

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Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize sleep health in adults who attempted weight loss in the prior year. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018 exam cycle. We included 4837 US adults who did (n = 1919) or did not (n = 2918) attempt weight loss in the past year. Participants self-reported their sleep regularity, satisfaction, sleepiness, timing, and duration, which we defined as “good” based on the prior literature. We characterized sleep health by weight loss attempts status, current BMI and weight change among participants who attempted weight loss. Results: On average, participants reported good sleep health in 3.21 ± 1.14 out of the five sleep domains. A total of 13% of participants had good sleep health in all five domains. The prevalence of sleep regularity (52%) was lowest, and the prevalence of infrequent sleepiness was highest (72%), relative to other sleep domains. In models adjusting for BMI, sleep health was similar in participants who did and did not attempt weight loss. Among adults who attempted weight loss, good sleep health was inversely associated with current BMI and self-reported weight change. Discussion: This study’s findings highlight the importance of considering sleep health when engaging with adults attempting weight loss.

Highlights

The US Preventive Service Task Force (USPSF) recommends that clinicians offer or refer adults with obesity to a lifestyle intervention that addresses diet and physical activity [1]
Sleep health is independently associated with obesity [3] and weight loss success [4], but is rarely characterized among adults attempting weight loss, in nationally representative samples
The prevalence of good sleep health in the overall sample varied by sleep domain, ranging from 52% to 72%

Summary

Introduction

The US Preventive Service Task Force (USPSF) recommends that clinicians offer or refer adults with obesity to a lifestyle intervention that addresses diet and physical activity [1]. Consistent with the USPSF’s recommendations, most adults who attempt weight loss choose to modify their diet and physical activity levels [2]. Han et al characterized trends in weight loss strategies used by a nationally representative sample of US adults from 1999 to 2016 [2]. The authors found that between 24 to 42% of US adults attempted weight loss in the past year. The authors noted that monitoring diet and exercise behaviors in adults attempting weight loss are essential, because these behaviors are associated with weight loss success. Sleep health is independently associated with obesity [3] and weight loss success [4], but is rarely characterized among adults attempting weight loss, in nationally representative samples

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