Abstract
BackgroundLess sleep time and snoring have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations; however, few studies have evaluated the different aspects of sleep duration and snoring frequency in relation to CVD, and this association has not been examined in China. The present study aimed to address the relation between sleep duration, snoring frequency and risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China population.MethodsWe conducted a hospital-based case–control study. Cases were first AMI (n = 2909). Controls were matched to cases on age and sex. 2947 controls who did not report previous angina or physical disability completed a questionnaire on sleep duration and snoring frequency. We used logistic regression to control for other risk factors.ResultsWe observed an inverse association between serious snoring frequency and AMI risk. After adjustment for all the risk factors, and the OR for everyday group and 3–5 times per week group was 1.45 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.91) and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.52-2.46) compared to no snoring group. The OR for serious level group and moderate group was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.29 to 2.43) and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.69) compared to no snoring group. People having serious snoring increased 77% risk of AMI. 15.2% people in control group have ≤ 6 hours sleeping, compared with 17.4% in AMI group.ConclusionsSnoring frequency, including as much as everyday and 3–5 times per week, was positively associated with AMI risk and less sleep duration was associated with risk of AMI. Less sleep time could increase AMI risk in China population.
Highlights
Less sleep time and snoring have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations; few studies have evaluated the different aspects of sleep duration and snoring frequency in relation to CVD, and this association has not been examined in China
By 2020, more than 80% of global CVD will be in these countries, with the largest burden occurring in the two largest countries, China and India, as they rapidly urbanise [1]
The purpose of this study was to assess the association between sleep habits, defined as sleep duration and snoring, and measured risk factors for CVD in China population, including both traditional and psychosocial risk factors
Summary
Less sleep time and snoring have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations; few studies have evaluated the different aspects of sleep duration and snoring frequency in relation to CVD, and this association has not been examined in China. A recent meta-analysis documented that compared with 7 hours of sleep, shorter duration of sleep was associated with up to a 2-fold increased risk for CVD-related mortality [2]. For both men and women, lack of sleep has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events [5,6]. Potential mechanisms for the relation between inadequate sleep and increased cardiovascular risk include up-regulation of appetite and decreased energy expenditure, leading to obesity and its metabolic consequences, and alterations in glucose metabolism [15,16]
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