Sleep Disturbances in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Investigation into sleep and coronary heart disease (CHD) has predominantly been focused on sleep disturbances as a risk factor for developing CHD. Objectively measured and self-reported sleep at a patient level has only been sparsely and not systematically reported. Therefore, we set out to review the literature for studies using objectively measured and self-reported sleep in patients with CHD. The review focuses on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable CHD. A systematic review performed in four databases adhering to the PRISMA guidelines applying a qualitative synthesis of evidence. Following ACS, we found sleep architecture to be significantly disturbed with changes normalizing over a period of up to 6 months. With increasing severity of CHD, sleep disturbances were more pronounced; however, the modulating effects of sleep-disordered breathing and ejection fraction on sleep in patients with CHD are conflicting. Overall, studies were predominantly cross-sectional in design and of low methodological quality. Polysomnography was the predominant outcome assessment tool and validated self-reported assessment tools were limited. Future investigations in sleep and CHD applying both a longitudinal design and investigating objective and self-reported sleep assessments are warranted. Registry: PROSPERO, Title: Sleep measures in relation to coronary heart disease: a systematic review, Identifier: CRD42017056377, URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=56377.