Sleep Disturbances and Chronic Pain in People with HIV: Implications for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in people with HIV. Despite being virally suppressed, sleep disturbances, chronic pain, and neurocognitive impairments persist which can negatively impact quality of life for people with HIV. This article presents relevant literature related to sleep disturbances and chronic pain in people with HIV. The potential impact of these comorbidities on cognition is discussed with implications for managing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). People with HIV and chronic pain report greater insomnia and depressive symptoms compared to those without chronic pain. The neurotoxic effects of HIV itself and sleep and chronic pain induced inflammation can contribute to poorer cognitive outcomes. Sleep disturbances and chronic pain are prevalent conditions in people with HIV that may perpetuate the development and exacerbation of HAND. Sleep and pain interventions may preserve cognitive function and improve quality of life for people aging with HIV.