Abstract
Obesity causes more than 200 medical disorders including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea. In particular, the prevalence and rate of obesity in children and adolescents have increased with over 1/3 of the US pediatric population afflicted with overweight and obesity. Though there is a multifactorial etiology including complex biological and physiological mechanisms involved in energy regulation that may predispose toward an obesity phenotype, we highlight an often missed and overlooked etiology of obesity in clinical assessment in children- sleep disturbance and its causation to weight gain.
Highlights
Obesity is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and globally
Though there is a multifactorial etiology including complex biological and physiological mechanisms involved in energy regulation that may predispose toward an obesity phenotype, we highlight an often missed and overlooked etiology of obesity in clinical assessment in children- sleep disturbance and its causation to weight gain
As children and adolescents continue in the developmental cycle towards adulthood, impaired memory, cognition, and school performance may be reversible sequelae of chronic sleep disturbance
Summary
Obesity is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and globally. Studies as early as 2002 illustrate a link between obesity in children and sleep duration. Limitations from these studies include data collected from parental report and study design [3,4,5]; later studies address these concerns resulting in further associations between sleep disturbances, pediatric obesity, and poor metabolic health, including a meta-analyses suggesting that insufficient sleep is associated with increased risk of obesity in children (range 58-89%) [6,7]. Sleep disturbance is linked to insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes [8,9,10,11,12], which are increasingly common in children with obesity [13].
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