Abstract
Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep in the first 3 years of life are characterized by a young child’s persisting inability to fall (back) asleep without parental support. This type of sleep disorder in the context of early childhood regulatory disorders shows a clear tendency to persist into later childhood, accompanied by continued demands for parental support to fall asleep. In addition, abnormal behavior episodes or physiological events during sleep or during the transition from waking to sleep—referred to as parasomnias such as pavor nocturnus or nightmares—can occur from the age of 2–3 years. Besides a short overview of the development of sleep and sleep behavior in early childhood, as well as a description of various manifestations of sleep disorders during this period, practical possibilities in terms of prevention and intervention are presented.
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