Abstract
(1) Background: Sleeping disorders are frequently reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Different forms of sleeping disorders have been reported, such as sleepiness, insomnia, changes in sleeping latency, and others. (2) Methods: A case-control study with 62 patients who were victims of mild or moderate TBI with previous admissions to Iraqi tertiary neurosurgical centers were enrolled as the first group, and 158 patients with no history of trauma were considered as the control. All were 18 years of age or older, and the severity of the trauma and sleep disorders was assessed. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess sleep disorders with average need for sleep per day and average sleep latency were assessed in both groups. Chi-square and t-test calculations were used to compare different variables. (3) Results: 39 patients (24.7%) of the controlled group experienced sleeping disorders compared to TBI group with 45 patients (72.6%), P-value < 0.00001. A total of 42 patients were diagnosed on admission as having a mild degree of TBI (mean GCS 13.22 ± 1.76) and 20 patients were diagnosed with moderate TBI (mean GCS11.05 ± 1.14. 27). A total of 27 (46.28%) patients with mild severity TBI and 18 patients (90%) of moderate severity were considered to experience sleeping disorders, P-value 0.0339. Each of the mild and moderate TBI subgroups show a P-value < 0.00001 compared to the control group. Average sleep hours needed per day for TBI and the control were 8.02 ± 1.04 h and 7.26 ± 0.58 h, respectively, P-value < 0.00001. Average sleep latency for the TBI and the control groups were 13.32 ± 3.16 min and 13.93 ± 3.07 min respectively, P-value 0.065. (4) Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are more common following mild and moderate TBI three months after the injury with more hours needed for sleep per day and no significant difference in sleep latency. Sleep disturbances increase in frequency with the increase in the severity of TBI.
Highlights
Sleep disorders frequently follow a traumatic brain injury (TBI), with reports of 30%–70% of TBI patients experiencing negative impacts on quality of life and rehabilitation [1,2,3,4,5]
Our study aimed to evaluate sleep disorders in patients with previous mild and moderate TBI that were admitted to tertiary neurosurgical centers in Baghdad, Iraq
Of the control group experienced sleeping disorders according to the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and 119 did not, while 45 patients (72.6%) of the TBI group experienced sleeping disorders and 17 patients did not
Summary
Sleep disorders frequently follow a traumatic brain injury (TBI), with reports of 30%–70% of TBI patients experiencing negative impacts on quality of life and rehabilitation [1,2,3,4,5]. Sleep disorders have been shown to aggravate psychiatric problems, affect the mood and behavior of injured patients, and contribute to poor neuronal remodeling following the injury [6,7]. Many factors contribute to sleep disorders, with brain trauma itself being the most important, including primary and secondary effects. A primary effect results from direct injury to brain tissues through acceleration-deceleration forces and/or rotational forces with consequent diffuse axonal injury, while secondary effects results from cellular events caused by hypoxia and raised intracranial pressure [9].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
