Sleep deprivation affects inflammatory marker expression in adipose tissue

José C Rosa Neto,Gustavo D Pimentel,Fábio S Lira,Cláudio A Cunha,Lila M Oyama,Ronaldo Vt Santos,Cláudia Do Nascimento,Marco T De Mello,Sérgio Tufik,Daniel P Venancio

doi:10.1186/1476-511x-9-125

Abstract

Sleep deprivation has been shown to increase inflammatory markers in rat sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Inflammation is a condition associated with pathologies such as obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated changes in the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in different depots of white adipose tissue in rats. We also assessed lipid profiles and serum levels of corticosterone, leptin, and adiponectin after 96 hours of sleep deprivation.MethodsThe study consisted of two groups: a control (C) group and a paradoxical sleep deprivation by 96 h (PSD) group. Ten rats were randomly assigned to either the control group (C) or the PSD. Mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) adipose tissue, liver and serum were collected following completion of the PSD protocol. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analysed in MEAT and RPAT, and leptin, adiponectin, glucose, corticosterone and lipid profile levels were analysed in serum.ResultsIL-6 levels were elevated in RPAT but remained unchanged in MEAT after PSD. IL-10 protein concentration was not altered in either depot, and TNF-α levels decreased in MEAT. Glucose, triglycerides (TG), VLDL and leptin decreased in serum after 96 hours of PSD; adiponectin was not altered and corticosterone was increased.ConclusionPSD decreased fat mass and may modulate the cytokine content in different depots of adipose tissue. The inflammatory response was diminished in both depots of adipose tissue, with increased IL-6 levels in RPAT and decreased TNF-α protein concentrations in MEAT and increased levels of corticosterone in serum.

Highlights

A large body of evidence has shown that prolonged paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) leads to a reduction in body mass, elevated energy metabolism, changes in circulating hormones, loss of immune integrity, and other disorders [1,2]
Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a were analysed in MEAT and RPAT, and leptin, adiponectin, glucose, corticosterone and lipid profile levels were analysed in serum
IL-10 protein concentration was not altered in either depot, and TNF-a levels decreased in MEAT

Summary

Introduction

A large body of evidence has shown that prolonged paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) leads to a reduction in body mass, elevated energy metabolism, changes in circulating hormones, loss of immune integrity, and other disorders [1,2]. Sleep deprivation has produced hyperphagia, weight loss, increased energy expenditure, increased in plasma catecholamine concentration, hypothyroidism, reduction in core temperature, deterioration in physical appearance [3], and reduced levels of anabolic hormones [4]. As the occurrence of sleep disturbances increases in modern lifestyles, so too does the risk of cardiovascular disease [5]. Seventy-two hours of PSD increased TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1a and IL-1b. Subjects with sleep loss showed an increase in nuclear factor NF-B DNA binding in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [11]. NF-B activation is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of diseases such as Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis [12]

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