Abstract
: BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate a possible correlation between sleep bruxism and risk factors of developing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in a sample of growing subjects and to assess parental awareness about sleep bruxism in their children. Methods: The sample was composed of 310 subjects (173 females and 137 males), with a mean age of 8.9 years, attending “Ndre Mjeda” school of Tirana (Albania). All parents of the children participating in the study were asked to fill in a questionnaire manually or via a digital version. The questionnaire was composed of three sections: personal data, sleep quality data, and OSAS risk factors, and it was filled out by both parents. Results: Of our samples, 41.3% presented with bruxism, and 16.5% of the parents ground their teeth. Oral breathing was reported in 11.9% of the subjects, and among these, 40% of the subjects were affected by bruxism (p > 0.05). Of the subjects, 18.7% snore overnight. Comparing it with sleep bruxism, the two phenomena are often related (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Heredity, night-sweating, nycturia, oral breathing, and snoring seem to have a significant correlation with bruxism.
Highlights
Sleep bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity during sleep that is characterized as rhythmic or non-rhythmic, and is not a movement disorder or a sleep disorder in otherwise healthy individuals [1]
A wide variety of cases is present in the literature reporting the prevalence of bruxism with no gender difference [3], some studies underline a higher prevalence of female cases [4], and a decrease in prevalence with age [4] from children
BMI analysis was performed on the whole sample, and the results showed that even if 41.3% of the sample presented with bruxism, the BMI value was defined as “underweight” in 63.4% of the sample, and this result is not supported by the literature
Summary
Sleep bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity during sleep that is characterized as rhythmic (phasic) or non-rhythmic (tonic), and is not a movement disorder or a sleep disorder in otherwise healthy individuals [1]. A wide variety of cases is present in the literature reporting the prevalence of bruxism (between 6–91%) with no gender difference [3], some studies underline a higher prevalence of female cases [4], and a decrease in prevalence with age [4] from children (2–30%) to adults (5–10%), and especially in the elderly population (2–4%) [5]. This variability is mainly due to the study method of the prevalence of sleep bruxism in children. There is less supporting literature, awake bruxism has been reported to have a prevalence of around 22% [6]
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