Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep and mood disorders in women aged 30–69 with dry eye disease (DED). All subjects underwent corneal examinations, with 890 completing a questionnaire regarding symptoms of DED and 213 completing both the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires. Subjects were then divided into three groups based on age (younger [30–45 years], perimenopausal [46–55 years], and older [56–69 years]), and comparisons were made among groups in subjects with and without DED. PSQI scores were significantly worse in subjects with (6.1 ± 2.9) than without (4.9 ± 2.7) DED (P = 0.003) and, in the younger group, HADS scores were worse in those with (13.2 ± 6.0) than without DED (9.7 ± 6.0) (P = 0.020). In contrast, there were no differences in mood indices between those with and without DED in the other groups. PSQI score was significantly correlated with HADS rather than ocular findings. In conclusion, sleep quality had deteriorated in women with DED. However, mood problems contributed more to sleep quality than ocular status, especially in those with DED in the younger group.
Highlights
The aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep and mood disorders in women aged 30–69 with dry eye disease (DED)
Dry eye disease (DED) is most prevalent in women of climacteric age[1,2] and they suffer from low quality of life, which may be associated with the severity of DED3
A diagnosis of DED was made according to the Japanese Dry Eye Society[24,25], which classifies DED into definite DED (DDED), probable DED (PDED), and non-DED based on the presence of dry eye symptoms, tear abnormalities (Schirmer test ≤5 mm or tear break-up time (BUT) ≤5 s), maximum blinking interval (≤9 s)[26], and superficial punctate keratoepitheliopathy
Summary
The aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep and mood disorders in women aged 30–69 with dry eye disease (DED). Mood problems contributed more to sleep quality than ocular status, especially in those with DED in the younger group. Recent studies have reported that subjects with DED are depressed[12,13,14,15,16,17], and depression is a common psychiatric problem in women that is closely associated with sleep disorders[18,19,20]. We report on the results of clinical studies, including ocular examinations and a questionnaire-based survey, to explore the severity of sleep and mood disorders and their correlation with ocular status in those with and without DED, in women aged between 30 and 69 years
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