Abstract
Objectives: To discuss physiological factors that affect learning in school children and the harmful effects of major sleep disturbances on that age. Methodology: Articles were analysed between 2020 and 2015 in LILACS, PUBMED, SciELO and MEDLINE databases with the keywords: Sleep and Child; Sleep and Learning; GH and Learning; Memory and Learning; Blood Flow and Learning; Oxygenation and Learning; Immunity and Cognition. Additionally, we also referred to the books "Sleep and Sleep Medicine" and "Insomnia from Diagnosis to Treatment". Results and discussion: We found evidence in the literature that sleep influences brain plasticity, spatial learning, motor training, long-term memory, Growth Hormone (GH) release, synapses remodelling and acts on the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Furthermore, clinical and practical findings also show that immunity is affected and children with sleep problems present significant disturbances in learning. Conclusion: The relationships between sleep reduction/ sleep disorders and daytime /nocturnal brain function, influence learning of school children.
Highlights
Sleep is a universal phenomenon in the animal kingdom assuring survival
The most widely accepted hypothesis about the function of sleep over brain functions it is the promotions of brain plasticity of the, enhancing several mechanisms which culminate in the formation and consolidation of memory
Sleep has a strong influence on cognition, learning, memory and mood, and sleep deprivation slows down working memory, reduces cognitive efficiency and induces a depressed mood (Silva, 2014)
Summary
Sleep is a universal phenomenon in the animal kingdom assuring survival. The most widely accepted hypothesis about the function of sleep over brain functions it is the promotions of brain plasticity of the, enhancing several mechanisms which culminate in the formation and consolidation of memory. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder, being present at any age range. It is defined by a difficulty regarding the initiation, maintenance, consolidation or overall quality of sleep, leading to a daytime impairment. It can emerge from a stressful event or other clinical conditions, manifesting itself as a symptom or disorder (Bacelar, 2019)
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