Abstract
By using metallurgical slag from an electric arc furnace that is otherwise not recycled but deposited as an inventory material in thermal energy storage for concentrated solar power plants, it is possible to make a significant step forward in two transformation processes: energy and raw materials. As this type of slag has not been considered as an inventory material for this purpose, it is important to clarify fundamental questions about this low-cost material and its storage design. In this paper, design studies of slag-based thermal energy storage are carried out. Different slag-specific design concepts are developed, calculated and evaluated by a method based on established management tools. Finally, concepts for further investigations are defined. The highest aptitude value and the lowest risk value are achieved by the vertical storage design with axial flow direction. Therefore, it is taken as the lead concept and will be considered in complete detail in further research. Also, a closer look, but not as detailed as the lead concept, is taken at the horizontal storage with axial flow and the vertical storage with radial flow direction.
Highlights
Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, in conjunction with photovoltaic systems, can contribute to a safe, clean and cost-effective electric power supply in the Earth's equatorial sun-belt [1]
The highest value is achieved by the vertical thermal energy storage (TES) with axial flow direction (83%), followed by the horizontal TES with axial flow direction (75%) and the vertical TES with radial flow direction
The highest value is achieved by the vertical TES with axial flow direction (83%), followed by above, this was donefactor in several possible identified; 5) and estimated
Summary
Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, in conjunction with photovoltaic systems, can contribute to a safe, clean and cost-effective electric power supply in the Earth's equatorial sun-belt [1]. The use of heat storage allows CSP plants to generate dispatchable electricity, and make an important contribution to the global energy transition [2]. To protect the environment and conserve primary raw materials, a raw material transition is required [3,4,5]. This succeeds only with the efficient use of primary raw materials and the most complete possible use of secondary raw materials. This is addressed by German and European politicians through the German Resource Efficiency Programme II [6] and the EU Initiative for a Resource Efficient Europe [7]. By using metallurgical slag from an electric arc furnace (EAF), that is otherwise not recycled but deposited as an inventory material in thermal energy storage (TES) for CSP plants, it is possible to make a significant step forward in two transformation processes: energy and raw materials
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