Abstract
tion model has been very successful. Deterrence appears to be effective only for instrumental offenses committed by those with a high stake in conformity. Two examples are parking violations and snitch shoplifting.2 Fiscally, a deterrence model would require a massive machinery to ensure swiftness, severity and certainty of punishment for all offenders.3 Due to the enormous social costs involved,4 such a machinery would probably be impracticable in a democratic society. As correctional statistics routinely indicate, the rehabilitation model has also been ineffec-
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