Skipping the first active meal appears to adversely alter reproductive function in female than male rats.

Abstract

There is a growing consciousness about chrono-nutrition and its physiological functions. The human feeding pattern establishes three meals a day, meal timing however may not be adhered to. Previous studies have reported ovarian dysfunctions in breakfast skipping among females. In this study, the investigation was carried out on the effects of breakfast skipping on reproductive functions in the male rat and comparison, to the female rat. Eight-week-old animals (10 rats per group) were used to mimic post-adolescence. Rats are active at night thus the meal model was divided as follows. Female rats who had all three meals (ControlF), Female rats who had a no-first-active meal (NFAMF), Male rats who had all three meals (ControlM), and Male rats who had a no-first-active meal (NFAMM). All animals were fed the same amount of food every day. After the expiration of the four weeks experiment, serum testosterone, estrogen, Luteinising Hormone (LH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) were quantified using ELISA. Sperm was also analyzed. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the testosterone level and sperm count in the NFAMM compared to the ControlM while the estrogen level was significantly reduced in the NFAMF compared to the ControlF. LH, FSH, and PRL levels were significantly reduced in the NFAMF compared to the NFAMM. These findings further confirm that post-adolescent females are prone to breakfast skipping. The increase in testosterone levels and sperm count in the males establish that breakfast skipping might not interfere with the reproductive physiology in males as it does in females.