Abstract
An appropriate animal wound model is urgently needed to assess wound dressings, cell therapies, and pharmaceutical agents. Minipig was selected owing to similarities with humans in body size, weight, and physiological status. Different wound sizes (0.07–100 cm2) were created at varying distances but fail to adequately distinguish the efficacy of various interventions. We aimed to resolve potential drawbacks by developing a systematic wound healing system. No significant variations in dorsal wound closure and contraction were observed within the thoracolumbar region between boundaries of both armpits and the paravertebral region above rib tips; therefore, Lanyu pigs appear suitable for constructing a reliable dorsal wound array. Blood flow signals interfered with inter-wound distances ˂ 4 cm; a distance > 4 cm is therefore recommended. Wound sizes ≥ 4 cm × 4 cm allowed optimal differentiation of interventions. Partial- (0.23 cm) and full-thickness (0.6 cm) wounds showed complete re-epithelialization on days 13 and 18 and strongest blood flow signals at days 4 and 11, respectively. Given histological and tensile strength assessments, tissue healing resembling normal skin was observed at least after 6 months. We established some golden standards for minimum wound size and distance between adjacent wounds for effectively differentiating interventions in considering 3R principles.
Highlights
An appropriate animal wound model is urgently needed to assess wound dressings, cell therapies, and pharmaceutical agents
Our previous s tudy[20], performed using a miniature Lanyu pig, revealed that the body weight and skin wound healing features of this breed resembled those of humans
Establishing multiple wounds in an array using a singular animal can increase the consistency of results and resolve errors induced by individual animal differences
Summary
An appropriate animal wound model is urgently needed to assess wound dressings, cell therapies, and pharmaceutical agents. Pigs have been widely employed as a model for biomedical investigations because of their tight skin system that resembles that of humans, with a thick epidermis, distinct rete pegs, dense collagen fibrils, elastic fibrils in the dermis, and accessory hair and sweat glands Both humans and pigs demonstrate an identical wound healing mechanism, including restoration of the dermis, skin re-epithelialization, and skin c ontraction[12,13,14]. The body size of pigs is sufficiently large to provide an adequate skin surface to create multiple wounds on the same animal, thereby improving the reliability of results by eliminating extraneous factors associated with different animals[15,16]. Wound distances of 2 c m33, 2.5 cm[26], and 3–5 c m34 were mentioned in some studies, none investigated their effects on the healing process
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