Skin Temperature in Master Long-Distance Runners—Results From a Field Study at the 2018 World Master Athletics Championships

Bergita Ganse,Hans Degens

doi:10.3389/fspor.2020.00031

Bergita Ganse, Hans Degens

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.00031

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Abstract

Older people and athletes show impairments in thermoregulation, but this has not yet been studied during a running competition. The aim of the study was to assess (1) whether there are age-related differences in skin temperature during the last stage of a race in well-trained master athletes and (2) to what extent such differences are related to running speed and sex. To investigate this, we used thermography to measure maximum skin temperatures of the head, legs and hands of participants of the 2018 World Master Athletics (WMA) Championships when they were approximately 9,600 m into a 10,000-m road race. Of the 813 runners, 404 were analyzed (142 women, 262 men) including athletes of age groups 35 to 85. All ≥70-year-old athletes completed the race; all 16 non-finishers were younger. The hand temperature was lower than that of the head and legs (p < 0.001). Stepwise regression revealed that head ( = 0.143; p < 0.001) and hand temperature decreased with increasing speed ( = 0.092; p < 0.001). Sex was the most important determinant of leg skin temperature ( = 0.054; p < 0.001), men having higher leg temperatures than women, with a small negative contribution of speed ( increased to 0.069). In conclusion, higher running speed is associated with lower skin temperatures, and leg skin temperature is lower in women than men. The absence of an age effect on skin temperature suggests that there is no impairment in heat dissipation in well-trained older athletes.

Highlights

Old age is associated with impaired thermoregulation and higher risks of heat-related illness and death (Benzinger, 1969; Balmain et al, 2018)
The significance is illustrated by the observation that just a 1◦C higher environmental temperature was associated with a lower performance in the Boston Marathon (Nikolaidis et al, 2019)
As little is known about the thermoregulation during running in older athletes, the aim of the study was to measure the skin temperature with thermography in younger and older well-trained athletes in a field study at the World Master Athletics Championships to obtain some first insight about the thermoregulation during a run in older athletes

Summary

Introduction

Old age is associated with impaired thermoregulation and higher risks of heat-related illness and death (Benzinger, 1969; Balmain et al, 2018). During heat waves and in hot environments, thermoregulation by appropriate physiological responses to high temperatures is extremely important, especially in older people and athletes (Patz et al, 2005, 2014; Che Muhamed et al, 2019; Knechtle et al, 2019) and poor thermoregulation may have a negative impact on performance. Despite the higher risk of heat-related illness in older people, longdistance running has become a popular sport for older athletes (Ganse et al, 2018; Epstein and Yanovich, 2019).

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