Skin Tau Quantification as a Novel Biomarker in Huntington's Disease.

Abstract

Emerging research implicates tau protein dysregulation in the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease. This study investigated skin tau quantification as a potential biomarker for Huntington's disease and its correlation with disease burden outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, we measured skin tau levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 23 Huntington's disease mutations carriers and eight control subjects, examining group discrimination, correlations with genetic markers, clinical assessments, and neuroimaging data. Brain atrophy was quantified by both volumetric measurements from brain segmentation and a voxel-based morphometry approach. Our findings showed elevated skin tau levels in manifest Huntington's disease compared with premanifest and healthy controls. These levels correlated with CAG repeat length, CAG-Age-Product score, composite Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Total Motor Score, cognitive assessments, and disease-related cortical and subcortical volumes, all independent of age and gender. Using skin tau levels in cluster analysis along with genetic and clinical measures led to improved subject stratification, providing enhanced distinction and validity of clusters. This study not only confirms the feasibility of skin tau quantification in Huntington's disease but also establishes its potential as a biomarker for enhancing group classification and assessing disease severity across the Huntington's disease spectrum, opening new directions in biomarker research. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.