Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) stay in the peripheral tissues for long periods of time, do not recirculate, and provide the first line of adaptive immune response in the residing tissues. Although TRM originate from circulating T cells, TRM are physiologically distinct from circulating T cells with the expression of tissue-residency markers, such as CD69 and CD103, and the characteristic profile of transcription factors. Besides defense against pathogens, the functional skew of skin TRM is indicated in chronic skin inflammatory diseases. In psoriasis, IL-17A-producing CD8+ TRM are regarded as one of the pathogenic populations in skin. Although no licensed drugs that directly and specifically inhibit the activity of skin TRM are available to date, psoriatic skin TRM are affected in the current treatments of psoriasis. Targeting skin TRM or using TRM as a potential index for disease severity can be an attractive strategy in psoriasis.
Highlights
TRM .TThen, narrowing our focus to skin TRM in humans, we summarize the involvement of RM in narrowing our focus to skin TRM in humans, we summarize the involvement of skin TRM
The augmented uptake of exogenous lipids accompanied by the upregulation of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) 4 and 5 is one of the characteristic processes involved in the generation and maintenance of skin TRM [42]
The functional skew of skin TRM is indicated in chronic skin inflammatory diseases
Summary
Research on murine infectious disease models has revealed that a subpopulation of TEM found in peripheral tissues remain in the same tissues for long periods without recirculation after cure of infection [4–6] These findings led to the establishment of the new population of memory T cells, tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ). TRM are superior to their circulating memory counterparts in their ability to provide the local adaptive cellular defense [7–11] They can respond to the local antigen re-exposure without the recruitment of circulating T cells to the tissue [12]. The existence and functional activities of TRM were initially investigated in barrier tissues, such as the gut [6,15], skin [4,5,12,16,17], respiratory tract [18,19], and reproductive tract [20,21], in the context of local defense against pathogens in infectious diseases Their roles are recognized in various conditions, including cancer immunity, tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory diseases both in barrier and non-barrier tissues [22].
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