Skin Penetrating Lipid Vesicles: Ethosomes in Drug Delivery and Cosmeceuticals

Abstract

Ethosomes, or skin penetrating lipid vesicles, are proving to be effective delivery systems for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This article thoroughly examines ethosomes, including their structure, formulation methods, characterization tactics, and skin penetration mechanisms. Ethosomes are able to deform and penetrate the stratum corneum thanks to their special lipid compositions and elasticity, which let them get around obstacles in transdermal drug administration and cosmeceutical application. The selection of lipids, surfactants, and active compounds for ethosome formulations, as well as the function of ethanol as a penetration enhancer, are covered in detail in the current article. The discussion of various production processes and characterization methodologies emphasizes the significance of size distribution, zeta potential, and encapsulation effectiveness. The review investigates the mechanisms through which ethosomes interact with the stratum corneum and other skin barriers and the variables affecting the effectiveness and depth of their transdermal administration. The applications of ethosomes in the delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic medicines and their promise in targeted and localized treatments highlight their adaptability. The clinical implications are discussed, illuminating preclinical and clinical research that highlight the improved efficacy and safety of formulations based on ethosomes. Ethosomes provide a platform for improving the distribution of active substances like vitamins, antioxidants, and peptides in the field of cosmeceuticals. Their uses encompass topical formulations for skin whitening, hydration, rejuvenation, and antiaging and skin care products. The paper also discusses future directions in ethosome research, such as customized medicine and combination medicines, as well as regulatory issues and difficulties with commercialization.