Abstract
Objective: Skin changes in CVI are clinically observable, but have now been quantified using non-invasive techniques including the The DermaLab Combo (Cortex Technology ApS), the Skin-pH-Meter (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH), and skin blotting (University of Tokyo). Skin blotting is a non-invasive technique using moistened nitrocellulose membrane strips to quantify specific proteins on intact skin and has been previously used to identify proteins associated with skin tears,1 pressure injuries,2–5 and itch.6
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