Abstract
Skin lesion segmentation has a critical role in the early and accurate diagnosis of skin cancer by computerized systems. However, automatic segmentation of skin lesions in dermoscopic images is a challenging task owing to difficulties including artifacts (hairs, gel bubbles, ruler markers), indistinct boundaries, low contrast and varying sizes and shapes of the lesion images. This paper proposes a novel and effective pipeline for skin lesion segmentation in dermoscopic images combining a deep convolutional neural network named as You Only Look Once (YOLO) and the GrabCut algorithm. This method performs lesion segmentation using a dermoscopic image in four steps: 1. Removal of hairs on the lesion, 2. Detection of the lesion location, 3. Segmentation of the lesion area from the background, 4. Post-processing with morphological operators. The method was evaluated on two publicly well-known datasets, that is the PH2 and the ISBI 2017 (Skin Lesion Analysis Towards Melanoma Detection Challenge Dataset). The proposed pipeline model has achieved a 90% sensitivity rate on the ISBI 2017 dataset, outperforming other deep learning-based methods. The method also obtained close results according to the results obtained from other methods in the literature in terms of metrics of accuracy, specificity, Dice coefficient, and Jaccard index.
Highlights
Skin cancer is one of the most widespread cancer types in over the world [1]
This data set is a small piece of the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) archive which is consisting of 23906 dermoscopic images [50] and is available publicly for researchers [60]
The initial background and foreground classes are created by using Gaussian Mixture Models, by creating C piece GMM components for two regions
Summary
Skin cancer is one of the most widespread cancer types in over the world [1]. There are different types of skin cancer such as basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, intraepithelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, etc. The human skin consists of three tissues called dermis, epidermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis has melanocytes which can produce melanin at a highly unusual rate under some conditions. Long term exposure to the strong ultraviolet radiation from sunshine causes melanin production. The unusual growth of melanocytes causes melanoma, which is a lethal type of skin cancer [3]. Considering the American Cancer Society’s annual report for 2019, it is estimated that there will approximately be 96,480 new cases of melanoma and 7230 people will die from the disease [4]. Melanoma is reported as the most lethal skin cancer with a mortality rate of 1.62%
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