Abstract
The aging process causes a number of changes in the skin, including oxidative stress and dyschromia. The kojic acid (KA) is iron chelator employed in treatment of skin aging, and inhibits tyrosinase, promotes depigmentation. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, such as liquid crystalline systems (LCSs), can modulate drug permeation through the skin and improve the drug activity. This study is aimed at structurally developing and characterizing a kojic acid-loaded LCS, consists of water (W), cetostearyl isononanoate (oil—O) and PPG-5-CETETH-20 (surfactant-S) and evaluating its in vitro skin permeation and retention. Three regions of the diagram were selected for characterization: A (35% O, 50% S, 15% W), B (30% O, 50% S, 20% W) and C (20% O, 50% S, 30% W), to which 2% KA was added. The formulations were subjected to polarized light microscopy, which indicated the presence of a hexagonal mesophase. Texture and bioadhesion assay showed that formulation B is suitable for topical application. According to the results from the in vitro permeation and retention of KA, the formulations developed can modulate the permeation of KA in the skin. The in vitro cytotoxic assays showed that KA-unloaded LCS and KA-loaded LCS didn't present cytotoxicity. PPG-5-CETETH-20-based systems may be a promising platform for KA skin delivery.
Highlights
Recent studies have highlighted that medical treatment for skin conditions offers benefits for the medical therapy of psychological health because visible skin diseases are correlated with increased rates of depression, anxiety, and low selfesteem in patients [1].Melasma is characterized by hyperpigmented macules on sun-exposed areas
This study aimed at structurally developing and characterizing an liquid crystalline systems (LCSs) consisting of water (W) and cetostearyl isononanoate (O) that was stabilized by the surfactant (S) ethoxylated and propoxylated cetyl alcohol (PPG-5CETETH-20) and contained kojic acid (KA)
The results revealed that sample CF retained more KA and has a texture profile with a high hardness and cohesiveness, which prevents good product application and produces sensory pleasantness
Summary
Recent studies have highlighted that medical treatment for skin conditions offers benefits for the medical therapy of psychological health because visible skin diseases are correlated with increased rates of depression, anxiety, and low selfesteem in patients [1].Melasma is characterized by hyperpigmented macules on sun-exposed areas. Recent studies have highlighted that medical treatment for skin conditions offers benefits for the medical therapy of psychological health because visible skin diseases are correlated with increased rates of depression, anxiety, and low selfesteem in patients [1]. It is a skin condition that may cause psychological effects, for example, feelings of shame, anxiety, depression, and social isolation, with a negative impact on social life, emotional wellbeing, physical health, and financial status [1]. Melanin is a dark pigment produced by the skin cells inside the epidermal layer and is produced by a process referred to as melanogenesis. When skin is exposed to UV radiation, the formation of melanin pigment becomes abnormal, causing hyperpigmentation, for example, melasma and skin aging, symptoms of which are prevalent in middle-aged and elderly people [3, 4]
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