Skin Carotenoids Are Related to Cognitive and Motor Skills Among Toddlers

Abstract

ObjectivesRecent studies have demonstrated the significance of carotenoid status for cognitive and motor development. However, little research has been conducted among infants and toddlers in this area. Given the rapid development in cognitive and motor skills that occurs in early life, it is important to determine the role of carotenoid status on cognitive and motor skills in toddlers. MethodsToddlers (N = 20) between 12 to 18 months participated in this study. Reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter) was used to measure skin carotenoids. The Bayley’s Scales of Infant Development Screening Test-4th Edition was used to assess cognitive and motor development. Covariates accounted for included weight-for-length, parent education level, and breast-feeding duration. ResultsFollowing adjustment for weight-for-length z-score, level of parent education, and breastfeeding duration, there was a significant positive relationship between skin carotenoids and the cognitive (rho = 0.508, 0.008) and gross motor (rho = 0.395, 0.035) subsections of the Bayley’s assessment. Infants (N = 20) exhibited a mean veggie meter score of 251.3, mean Bayley’s cognitive score of 32.6, and a mean Bayley’s gross motor score of 36.8. ConclusionsThis finding is consistent with prior literature among children and adults suggesting that carotenoid status may positively influence both cognitive and motor development in early life. Funding SourcesFunding is provided by the American Egg Board’s Egg Nutrition Center.