Abstract
Skin autofluorescence (AF) is becoming an accepted clinical method for assessing the risk of chronic complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, the role of the excitation wavelength in the recognition of increased risk of diabetes-related chronic complications was investigated. An Excitation Emission Matrix Scanner (EEMS) was used to perform noninvasive measurements in four age-matched groups of patients with type 1 and type 2 DM, with and without chronic complications, as well as in a control group (N=97 in total). AF was calculated for excitation wavelengths in the range 355 - 405 nm. Mean spectra were assessed per group. AF values in both type 1 and type 2 DM patients with complications were increased compared to the control subjects (p < 0:01); this ratio remained practically constant, independent of the excitation wavelength. No emission peaks were distinctive for specific patient groups. We conclude that in these groups, no characteristic fluorophores dictate the use of a specific wavelength or set of wavelengths. The results show the validity of applying a broad excitation wavelength range for risk assessment of chronic complications in diabetes.
Highlights
Skin autofluorescence (AF) is becoming an accepted clinical method for assessing the risk of chronic complications in diabetes mellitus (DM)
We conclude that in these groups, no characteristic fluorophores dictate the use of a specific wavelength or set of wavelengths
The results show the validity of applying a broad excitation wavelength range for risk assessment of chronic complications in diabetes
Summary
Skin autofluorescence (AF) is becoming an accepted clinical method for assessing the risk of chronic complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). With the broad and fixed excitation range of this setup, we were unable to further identify specific fluorophores or AGEs. an instrument was developed with a similar setup as in the AFR, but where excitation wavelengths could be varied: the Excitation-Emission Matrix Scanner (EEMS), as previously described by Graaff et al [25]. An instrument was developed with a similar setup as in the AFR, but where excitation wavelengths could be varied: the Excitation-Emission Matrix Scanner (EEMS), as previously described by Graaff et al [25] With this equipment, matrices of the amount of fluorescence as a function of excitation and emission wavelengths can be obtained from the skin in vivo to further investigate the skin fluorophores that are involved in various clinical conditions. This study will concentrate on EEMS measurements obtained from DM patients with and without DM-related chronic complications
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