Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are known to accumulate in skeletal muscle and bone tissues with aging or in diabetes. Recently developed non-invasive fluorometric measurement enables a simple determination of skin AGE level. Skin AGE may reflect general AGE accumulation. Because AGE accumulation is known to lead to tissue dysfunction, higher skin AGE level may be associated with decreased skeletal muscle strength and lower bone quality in apparently healthy adults. PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between skin AGE accumulation and muscle strength and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) evaluation of calcaneal bone quality among healthy Japanese middle aged men in a population-based cross sectional study. METHODS: Skin autofluorescence (AF), grip strength (n = 205), leg extension power (n = 121) and calcaneal QUS (n = 193) were measured in Japanese adult men (median [interquartile range] age, 46.0 [37.0, 56.0] years). RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, the adjusted means (95% confidence interval [CI]) for grip strength across the tertiles of skin AF were 44.8 (43.3, 46.3) kg for the lowest tertile, 42.3 (40.8, 43.7) kg for the middle tertile, and 41.6 (40.1, 43.1) kg for the highest tertile (P for trend < 0.01). The adjusted geometric means (95% CI) of leg extension power across the tertiles of skin AF were 18.4 (17.1, 19.9) W/kg for the lowest tertile, 17.7 (16.4, 19.1) W/kg for the middle tertile, and 16.2 (15.0, 17.5) W/kg for the highest tertile (P for trend = 0.02). The geometric means (95%CI) for QUS across the tertiles of skin AF were 2.81 (2.75, 2.87) for the lowest skin AF, 2.81 (2.74, 2.87) for the middle skin AF, 2.66 (2.61, 2.73) for the highest skin AF (P for trend < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Among apparently healthy Japanese middle-aged men, those with higher skin AF had lower muscle strength and lower QUS, indicating a preclinical association between AGE accumulation and muscle strength and bone quality. A long-term prospective study is required to clarify the causality. Supported by a Grant-in-Aid under the "Knowledge Cluster Initiative" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
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