Abstract
BackgroundCerebrovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, with millions of deaths annually. Interest is increasing toward understanding the geometric factors that influence cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke. Cerebrovascular shape analyses are essential for the diagnosis and pathological identification of these conditions. The current study aimed to provide a stable and consistent methodology for quantitative Circle of Willis (CoW) analysis and to identify geometric changes in this structure.MethodAn entire pipeline was designed with emphasis on automating each step. The stochastic segmentation was improved and volumetric data were obtained. The L1 medial axis method was applied to vessel volumetric data, which yielded a discrete skeleton dataset. A B-spline curve was used to fit the skeleton, and geometric values were proposed for a one-dimensional skeleton and radius. The calculations used to derive these values were illustrated in detail.ResultIn one example(No. 47 in the open dataset) all values for different branches of CoW were calculated. The anterior communicating artery(ACo) was the shortest vessel, with a length of 2.6mm. The range of the curvature of all vessels was (0.3, 0.9) ± (0.1, 1.4). The range of the torsion was (−12.4,0.8) ± (0, 48.7). The mean radius value range was (3.1, 1.5) ± (0.1, 0.7) mm, and the mean angle value range was (2.2, 2.9) ± (0, 0.2) mm. In addition to the torsion variance values in a few vessels, the variance values of all vessel characteristics remained near 1. The distribution of the radii of symmetrical posterior cerebral artery(PCA) and angle values of the symmetrical posterior communicating arteries(PCo) demonstrated a certain correlation between the corresponding values of symmetrical vessels on the CoW.ConclusionThe data verified the stability of our methodology. Our method was appropriate for the analysis of large medical image datasets derived from the automated pipeline for populations. This method was applicable to other tubular organs, such as the large intestine and bile duct.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12880-016-0170-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Cerebrovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, with millions of deaths annually
Since brain aneurysms often occur at the Circle of Willis(CoW)[1], the detection and quantitative analysis of CoW is essential for the prevention
The topological structure is always analyzed by visual inspection, which yields rough quantitative data
Summary
Cerebrovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, with millions of deaths annually. Interest is increasing toward understanding the geometric factors that influence cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke. The current study aimed to provide a stable and consistent methodology for quantitative Circle of Willis (CoW) analysis and to identify geometric changes in this structure. Cerebrovascular disease is characterized by dysfunction of the blood vessels supplying the brain, resulting in stroke and subsequent disability or death. Since brain aneurysms often occur at the Circle of Willis(CoW)[1], the detection and quantitative analysis of CoW is essential for the prevention. Threedimensional(3D) image of the cerebral vasculature can be. There remains a lack of knowledge about the geometric factors that can be used to differentiate between normal and pathologic vasculature or that are associated with endovascular treatment outcome. The geometric factors differentiating normal from pathologic vasculature or those associated with endovascular treatment outcome are unknown
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