Skeletal muscle stem cells

Jennifer Cj Chen,David J Goldhamer

doi:10.1186/1477-7827-1-101

Jennifer Cj Chen, David J Goldhamer

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-1-101

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Abstract

Satellite cells are myogenic stem cells responsible for the post-natal growth, repair and maintenance of skeletal muscle. This review focuses on the basic biology of the satellite cell with emphasis on its role in muscle repair and parallels between embryonic myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Recent advances have altered the long-standing view of the satellite cell as a committed myogenic stem cell derived directly from the fetal myoblast. The experimental basis for this evolving perspective will be highlighted as will the relationship between the satellite cell and other newly discovered muscle stem cell populations. Finally, advances and prospects for cell-based therapies for muscular dystrophies will be addressed.

Highlights

Skeletal muscle is subject to constant injury resulting from weight bearing, exercise, and trauma, thereby requiring an ever-available, renewable source of cells for muscle repair and regeneration
The satellite cell has been a popular candidate for the adult skeletal muscle "stem cell" [1]
Residing dormant beneath the basal lamina of mature skeletal muscle fibers, this cell is ideally located for timely repair of degenerating muscle fibers

Summary

Introduction

Skeletal muscle is subject to constant injury resulting from weight bearing, exercise, and trauma, thereby requiring an ever-available, renewable source of cells for muscle repair and regeneration. Quiescent satellite cells expressing Pax-7 and Foxk are activated to proliferate, up-regulating the myogenic determination factors, MyoD and Myf5 [13,14,15,16,17], the myoblast marker desmin [16,79], and Wnts 5a and 5b [12]. Intriguing is the finding that GFPlabeled BMD cells take up residence beneath the basal lamina of skeletal muscle fibers in irradiated transplant recipients following injury (in this case, an exercise model), with subsequent injury provoking an increased contribution of BMD cells to regenerated muscle fibers [65] This suggests that satellite cells are maintained in regenerating fibers through self-renewal as well as replenishment from the bone marrow. This is especially important for the treatment of essential muscles such as the diaphragm, impairment of which results in severe respiratory problems

Bischoff R

Snow MH

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Findings

70. Partridge TA