Abstract
Our main objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding α-amylase (Amaize, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) for 140days on skeletal muscle and liver gene transcription in beef steers. Steers fed Amaize had lower average daily gain (p=.03) and gain:feed ratio (p=.05). No differences (p>.10) in serum metabolites or carcass traits were detected between the two groups but Amaize steers tended (p<.15) to have increased 12th rib fat depth. Microarray analysis of skeletal muscle revealed 21 differentially expressed genes (DEG), where 14 were up-regulated and seven were down-regulated in Amaize-fed steers. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that metabolic pathways involved in fat formation and deposition, stress response, and muscle function were activated, while myogenesis was inhibited in Amaize-fed steers. The quantitative PCR results for liver revealed a decrease (p<.01) in expression of fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) with Amaize. Because these genes are key for intracellular fatty acid transport, oxidation and ketone body production, data suggest a reduction in hepatic lipid catabolism. Future work to investigate potential positive effects of Amaize on cellular stress response, muscle function, and liver function in beef cattle appears warranted.
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