Abstract
From an environment perspective, the increased penetration of wind and solar generation in power systems is remarkable. However, as the intermittent renewable generation briskly grows, electrical grids are experiencing significant discrepancies between supply and demand as a result of limited system flexibility. This paper investigates the optimal sizing and control of the hydrogen energy storage system for increased utilization of renewable generation. Using a Finnish case study, a mathematical model is presented to investigate the optimal storage capacity in a renewable power system. In addition, the impact of demand response for domestic storage space heating in terms of the optimal sizing of energy storage is discussed. Finally, sensitivity analyses are conducted to observe the impact of a small share of controllable baseload production as well as the oversizing of renewable generation in terms of required hydrogen storage size.
Highlights
The integration of wind generation and utility-scale solar generation in electrical grids has seen a surge in recent years
Taking the case studies mentioned above into consideration, the proposed model optimized the size of the hydrogen energy storage in order to balance both generation and demand as well as to better integrate renewable generation into the power system
This paper addresses the sizing issue of large-scale hydrogen energy storage from the perspective of power systems to mitigate the balancing issue of renewable generation
Summary
The integration of wind generation and utility-scale solar generation in electrical grids has seen a surge in recent years. In 2016, more than 75 GW of solar generation have been added to the grid all over the world [1]. In the EU, approximately 50% of the newly installed capacity (12.5 GW) is composed of wind generation [2]. The intermittent and uncertain nature of solar and wind generation has led to considerable uncertainty as to how to balance energy demand with production [3]. 16 GWh of solar generation and 358 GWh of wind generation was curtailed in Germany in 2012 [4]. Curtailment is a natural response to preserve the capability of the system at times of excess production. As a result, a large amount of renewable generation is wasted, which undermines stakeholders’ assurance regarding the feasibility of renewable generation technologies and contributes to sub-optimal system performance [5]
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