Abstract
With the massive production of renewable energy, negative power flows occur in many areas due to the input of a high proportion of renewable power into medium- and lower-voltage systems. These negative power flows alter the traditional radiative pattern of power distribution and cause operational safety problems such as overvoltage and massive transmission losses. Exploiting the reverse flow within certain areas as well as the different outwarding power characteristics of different substations with the aim of ensuring power supply quality would reduce the need to install energy storage systems. Here, a grid partitioning method is proposed that considers the complementary characteristics as well as electrical distances of different substations. A planning model is proposed considering the potential profitability of installing renewable power generation and clustering outwarding power and transmission losses. The uncertainty of renewable power generation and load is considered using worst-case scenarios to form a robust optimization model. The effectiveness of cluster planning is confirmed, and the robustness of the planning schemes is evaluated by applying the proposed model to a real-world 35–110 KV distribution network in Anhui Province, China.
Highlights
Critical to develop planning solutions that will facilitate increased access to renewable power generation while guaranteeing the safety and stable performance of the grid
The planning schemes are completed at transformation substations, which are regarded as nodes in the grid, and the cluster outwarding power characteristics are added to the planning model based on the cluster partition results from Sec
The low-voltage sides of these 31 transformation substations are the candidate nodes for renewable power generation and energy storage systems (ESSs) planning, which are described as nodes in the following analysis, FIG. 1
Summary
To address the problem of reverse power flow, the installation of energy storage systems (ESSs) in a low-voltage grid is an interesting alternative for solving operational problems caused by renewable energy.. Xiong et al introduced a model for determining the optimal location and size of ESSs which accounts for the uncertainty of wind power generation using a scenario tree model to minimize daily operating costs.. Planning models of distribution generation and ESS planning are usually non-convex problems and are difficult to solve because of the calculation of AC power flow. A renewable power generation and ESS planning model is built based on the cluster partition results and interests of local residents and the utility. The Fuzzy Clustering Method is employed to divide the grid and to determine the areas within which transformation substations can support each other’s load power. The indexes of the electrical distance and node power complementary characteristics are included in the fuzzy clustering matrix to attain reasonable clustering results for the system
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