Abstract
Technological advancements in the utilization of renewable energy sources have unveiled potentials for increasing building energy efficiency. Integrating heat pump-based energy systems with thermal storages is a suitable option to meet the thermal requirements of modern buildings and exploiting the available renewable energy sources. However, how to size the main components of a heat pump-based energy system with the integration of short- and long-term storages is not yet well explored. Therefore, this study focused on the design and performance analyses of an integrated heating and cooling system consist of a heat pump, borehole long-term thermal storage, and hot water tank short-term thermal. Heat pump models were introduced as parametric models based on the producer data. The dynamic thermal model of the energy system was developed and analysed in MATLAB. Different combinations of heating and cooling loads were tested. Integration of cooling and heating systems was discussed through different operation strategies and challenges were addressed. The results of the parametric analysis identified the key parameters affecting the design of components and efficiency of the system. Moreover, the results showed that lower cooling to heating load ratio leads to an excessive reduction of the ground temperature and overall efficiency over the long-term operation.
Highlights
Energy consumption in building sector accounts for approximately 40% of total energy use and one third of the direct and indirect CO2 emissions in the world [1, 2] [3]
In the heating mode hours, borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) temperature was decreasing due to heat extraction from the ground
Due to generally high heat demands, as well as the large hot water storage tank (HWST) volume and undersized heat pump, BTES charging in the cooling mode operation was not enough to recover the temperature to the initial level
Summary
Energy consumption in building sector accounts for approximately 40% of total energy use and one third of the direct and indirect CO2 emissions in the world [1, 2] [3]. Cooling demand in many modern buildings is increasing [4]. The heating and cooling energy may be simultaneously required. The combination of thermal loads is another aspect to be considered when designing the building energy systems [5, 6]. Heat pumps-based technologies can be coupled with available renewable energy sources such as geothermal energy to simultaneously cover heating and cooling demands [7, 8]. Due to stable ground temperature below certain depths, borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) can store the heating energy in the ground for long periods despite the low specific heat of the ground material [9, 10]. Coupling BTES with short term storage units could smoothen the short-term operations [5, 9, 11]
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