Abstract
Cell membrane intact polar lipids (IPLs) are chemotaxonomic biomarkers whose abundances and distributions in water column environments reflect the living biomass of in situ microbial communities, and can be used to determine the relative contribution of distinct functional and phylogenetic groups to water column carbon stocks. The diversity of IPLs in marine environments is however vast, while our knowledge of their biological origins remains limited. Here, we study the distribution of IPLs in size-fractionated suspended organic matter from the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) off northern Chile. Canonical correspondence analyses of total IPL abundances and water column physiochemistry demonstrate distinct distributions of microbial sources associated with different geochemical regions in the water column (chlorophyll maximum, upper chemocline, lower chemocline, upper OMZ, core OMZ, and mesopelagic region). Furthermore, the distribution of IPLs in free-living (0.3–2.7 µm) and particle-attached (2.7–53 µm) suspended organic matter differs, suggesting distinct biological sources in each size fraction. While some parallels exist, the diversity and distribution of IPLs in the OMZ system of the ETSP off northern Chile exhibited some unique features compared to other OMZ systems; for instance, we observed a significantly lower contribution of betaine lipids from phytoplanktonic sources, possibly reflecting a physiological response to severe N-limitation in this area. The overall IPL abundance in the two size fractions also indicates a dominance of free-living biomass in the OMZ and mesopelagic regions, suggesting that these areas of the water column could provide additional sources of submicron organic carbon to deeper waters. This study improves the utility of IPLs as chemotaxonomic biomarkers by providing insight into the contrasting distributions of microbial biomass from different life modes (free-living and particle-attached). Our results suggest that microbial production in low oxygen environments may be more important to total water column carbon stocks than previously thought.
Highlights
IntroductionThe great chemical diversity of cell membrane intact polar lipids (IPLs) provides some phylogenetic specificity, which has been exploited in the mapping of planktonic and microbial communities in marine environments (Wakeham et al, 2007; Popendorf et al, 2011; Brandsma et al, 2012; Rush et al, 2012; Sollai et al, 2015)
Lipids are a class of organic molecules ubiquitous to all forms of known life
We aim to demonstrate the utility of size-fractionated intact polar lipids (IPLs) distributions in particulate organic matter (POM) to improve the characterization of in situ microbial planktonic community composition across strong geochemical gradients, in addition to better quantify their potential contribution to water column carbon stocks
Summary
The great chemical diversity of cell membrane intact polar lipids (IPLs) provides some phylogenetic specificity, which has been exploited in the mapping of planktonic and microbial communities in marine environments (Wakeham et al, 2007; Popendorf et al, 2011; Brandsma et al, 2012; Rush et al, 2012; Sollai et al, 2015). Empirical relationships between water column chemistry, cell sorting techniques, and IPL concentrations have served useful to determine potential biological sources (Van Mooy and Fredricks, 2010; Wakeham et al, 2012; Schubotz et al, 2018). Other specific IPLs in marine environments include archaeal glyco- and phospho- glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs; Pitcher et al, 2011; Elling et al, 2014; Sollai et al, 2015) as well as anammox bacteria ladderane phospholipids (Sinninghe Damsté et al, 2005; Boumann et al, 2006; Rush et al, 2012)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
