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Abstract
This paper reports the effect of precursor concentration, growth temperature, and growth time on the size and density of ZnO nanowire arrays (ZNAs). The well-aligned ZNAs were grown on indium tin oxide substrate using a facile chemical bath deposition method. The results showed that the ZnO nanowires could be tailored to the desired sizes with a simple variation of the growth parameters. Optical transmission spectra revealed a sufficient transparency of the ZNAs, qualifying them for photovoltaic and other optoelectronic applications. An inverted hybrid solar cell was fabricated using the ZNAs as the electron collecting layer, and the solar cell exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 0.91%.
Highlights
As an important wide-bandgap semiconductor, ZnO possesses remarkable optical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties, being of immense research interest [1,2,3,4]
To grow well-aligned ZnO nanowire arrays (ZNAs), various synthesis methods have been utilized, such as thermal evaporation [7], chemical vapor transport and condensation [18], and vapor–liquid-solid growth [20]; the complex process, sophisticated equipment, and high temperatures make it hard to use them on a wide range of substrates
In this study, we found that the different growth temperatures strongly influenced the nanowire length and density of ZNAs
Summary
As an important wide-bandgap semiconductor, ZnO possesses remarkable optical, electrical, and optoelectronic properties, being of immense research interest [1,2,3,4]. Well-aligned ZnO nanowire or nanorod arrays have been extensively studied as a promising candidate for applications in electroluminescent devices [5,6], field emission devices [7], solar cells [8,9,10,11,12,13,14], nanogenerators [15,16,17], and chemical sensors [18,19,20]. To grow well-aligned ZnO nanowire arrays (ZNAs), various synthesis methods have been utilized, such as thermal evaporation [7], chemical vapor transport and condensation [18], and vapor–liquid-solid growth [20]; the complex process, sophisticated equipment, and high temperatures make it hard to use them on a wide range of substrates. Previous reports [21,22] indicate that the sizes (diameter and length) of ZnO nanowires or nanorods play an important role on the performance of
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