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Abstract
Introns are common among all eukaryotes, while only a limited number of introns are found in prokaryotes. Globin, globin-like proteins are widely distributed in nature, being found even in prokaryotes, a wide range of patterns of intron-exon have been reported in several eukaryotic globin genes. Globin genes in invertebrates show considerable variation in the positions of introns; globins can be found without introns, with only one intron or with three introns in different positions. In this work we analyzed the introns in the myoglobin gene from Biomphalaria glabrata, B. straminea, B. tenagophila. In the Biomphalaria genus, the myoglobin gene has three introns; these were amplified by PCR, analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results showed that the size (number or nucleotides), the nucleotide sequence of the coding gene of the myoglobin are variable in the three species. We observed the presence of size polymorphisms in intron 2, 3; this characterizes a homozygous/heterozygous profile, it indicates the existence of two alleles which are different in size in each species of Biomphalaria. This polymorphism could be explored for specific identification of Biomphalaria individuals.
Highlights
In 1977, several research groups published their findings about DNA coding sequences broken by non-coding sequences in eukaryotes [1,2,3]
In B. glabrata and B. tenagophila, some individuals were observed to have a large amplicon of about 1,400 bp, and some individuals showed a smaller fragment, whereas some individuals showed the two fragments (Figure 2)
In B. glabrata, was observed one amplicon only of about 750–850 bp, and B. tenagophila showed an amplicon of about 1,300 bp (Figure 3)
Summary
In 1977, several research groups published their findings about DNA coding sequences (exons) broken by non-coding sequences (introns) in eukaryotes [1,2,3]. Comparisons of rRNA sequences support the idea that the three kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotes form monophyletic groups, which seem to have originated almost simultaneously, possibly from a common ancestor This would explain the conservation of the position of some introns among homologous genes within these kingdoms, without having to invoke the presence of introns in these genes from the very beginning [20]. Intron location and sequence may shed light on the origin of some protein genes, for instance the polymeric globin genes occurring in mollusks and arthropods [23] In this way introns could be used to study evolution as well as the origin, phylogeny and systematic of the Mollusca phylum. We analyze the introns of the myoglobin gene of mollusks from the Biomphalaria genus in order to evaluate their potential use for precise identification in systematic studies
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