Size of carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage and acute ischemic stroke: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance Chinese atherosclerosis risk evaluation study

Yang Liu,Maoxue Wang,Bing Zhang,Chun Yuan,Wei Wang,Yongjun Han,Xihai Zhao,Yun Xu

doi:10.1186/s12968-019-0548-1

Abstract

BackgroundTo determine the usefulness of the size of carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in discriminating the risk of acute ischemic stroke using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) vessel wall imaging.MethodsSymptomatic patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque who participated in a cross-sectional, multicenter study of CARE-II (NCT02017756) were included. All patients underwent carotid and brain CMR imaging. Carotid plaque burden and the size of plaque compositions including calcification, lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), and IPH were measured. Presence of acute cerebral infarct (ACI) in ipsilateral hemisphere of carotid plaque was determined. The relationship between carotid plaque features and presence of ipsilateral ACI was then analyzed.ResultsOf 687 recruited patients (62.7 ± 10.1 years; 69.4% males) with carotid plaque, 28.5% had ACI in ipsilateral hemispheres. Logistic regression revealed that carotid plaque burden was significantly associated with the presence of ACI before and after adjusted for clinical confounding factors. The volume of LRNC, %LRNC volume, volume of IPH, and %IPH volume were significantly associated with ACI before (volume of LRNC: OR = 1.297, p = 0.005; %LRNC volume: OR = 1.119, p = 0.018; volume of IPH: OR = 2.514, p = 0.003; %IPH volume: OR = 2.202, p = 0.003) and after (volume of LRNC: OR = 1.312, p = 0.006; %LRNC volume: OR = 1.90, p = 0.034; volume of IPH: OR = 2.907, p = 0.007; % IPH volume: OR = 2.374, p = 0.004) adjusted for clinical confounding factors. The association between volume of IPH and ACI remained statistically significant after further adjusted for plaque volume (OR = 2.813, p = 0.016) or both plaque volume and volume of LRNC (OR = 4.044, p = 0.024).ConclusionsIn symptomatic patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques, the size of IPH is independently associated with ipsilateral ACI, suggesting the size of IPH might be a useful indicator for the risk of ACI.Trial registrationClinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT02017756.

Highlights

To determine the usefulness of the size of carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in discriminating the risk of acute ischemic stroke using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) vessel wall imaging
Previous studies have shown that presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in carotid arteries was a strong predictor for future ischemic events [1, 2]
The present study investigated the relationship between atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and risk of acute cerebral infarct (ACI) in symptomatic patients with carotid plaque using multicontrast CMR vessel wall imaging

Summary

Introduction

To determine the usefulness of the size of carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in discriminating the risk of acute ischemic stroke using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) vessel wall imaging. Previous studies have shown that presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in carotid arteries was a strong predictor for future ischemic events [1, 2]. The underlying mechanism might be based on the hypothesis that IPH accelerates the progression of atherosclerotic plaque and increases the risk of plaque rupture. With the increases in the amount of IPH, the effect of inflammatory factors and proteolytic enzymes might be amplified hypothetically. The usefulness of the size of IPH for determining the risk of acute cerebral infarct (ACI) remains unclear

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion