Abstract
Polydopamine has acquired great relevance in the field of nanomedicine due to its physicochemical properties. Previously, it has been reported that nanoparticles synthetized from this polymer are able to decrease the viability of breast and colon tumor cells. In addition, it is well known that the size of therapeutic particles plays an essential role in their effect. As a consequence, the influence of this parameter on the cytotoxicity of polydopamine nanoparticles was studied in this work. For this purpose, polydopamine nanoparticles with three different diameters (115, 200 and 420 nm) were synthetized and characterized. Their effect on the viability of distinct sorts of human carcinomas (breast, colon, liver and lung) and stromal cells was investigated, as well as the possible mechanisms that could be responsible for such cytotoxicity. Moreover, polydopamine nanoparticles were also loaded with doxorubicin and the therapeutic action of the resulting nanosystem was analyzed. As a result, it was demonstrated that a smaller nanoparticle size is related to a more enhanced antiproliferative activity, which may be a consequence of polydopamine’s affinity for iron ions. Smaller nanoparticles would be able to adsorb more lysosomal Fe3+ and, when they are loaded with doxorubicin, a synergistic effect can be achieved.
Highlights
Nanomedicine has acquired an essential role in recent decades due to the urgent need for developing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment
PD NPs of different sizes were synthetized through dopamine oxidative polymerization in a basic aqueous medium [17,18,37]
In trizma base solution (50 mM, pH 10), such NPs remained stable with average hydrodynamic diameters of 115 ± 50 nm (PdI = 0.047), 199 ± 50 nm (PdI = 0.085) and 417 ± 50 nm (PdI = 0.012). Such values were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and were higher than the ones obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) because of a possible PD NPs hydration
Summary
Nanomedicine has acquired an essential role in recent decades due to the urgent need for developing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. This multidisciplinary field, by taking advantage of nanotechnology, aims to overcome the pharmaceutical limitations of conventional chemotherapeutics. With the employment of nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer treatment, increasing tumor retention of therapeutic molecules while reducing their non-specific distribution in normal tissues is being attempted [2]. In this manner, a considerable number of nanomaterials have been developed recently [3,4,5]. Thanks to their physical and chemical properties [5], their feasible surface functionalization, and their good degradation in vivo [7,8], PD NPs stand out for the development of new diagnosis and antiproliferative nanosystems [5,9,10,11,12,13,14]
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