Size Fractionation of Cell-Free DNA in Maternal Plasma Improves the Detection of a Paternally Inherited β-Thalassemia Point Mutation by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Objectives: The selective enrichment of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma by size fractionation leads to the improved detection of paternally inherited fetal point mutations when using conventional, real-time PCR, or as has more recently been shown by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We have now examined the use of size fractionation in conjunction with mass spectrometry for the detection of a paternally inherited codon 39 mutation of the β-globin gene. Methods: Maternal plasma was obtained from an early second trimester pregnancy at risk for β-thalassemia, where the father carried the codon 39 mutation and the mother was a carrier for the IVSI-110 mutation of the β-globin gene. Cell-free DNA was analyzed by mutation-specific PCR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the presence of the codon 39 mutation. A comparison was made between total cell-free DNA and that which had been enriched for a size of 100–300 bp. Results: The paternally inherited codon 39 mutant allele was detectable in both cell-free DNA preparations, but the signal was much more pronounced and precise in the size-fractionated sample. Conclusions: Size fractionation of cell-free DNA may lead to the improved non-invasive detection of fetal point mutations for β-thalassemia by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.