Abstract
Masonry is a construction technique which typically reacts in compression. Characterization of its material properties in compression is thus of paramount importance. This especially counts for adobe bricks because their material properties are still unknown to a large extent. This traditional masonry, made of locally available soil and fibres, is spread in areas currently involved in military conflicts, where also European forces operate. Therefore, not only its static properties in compression, but even more the dynamic strength is a relevant parameter. Laboratory characterization of material properties still pose several challenges, among which so-called size dependence is one of the most controversial topics. This entails the possible variation of material properties values from tests on specimens of different size and shape. Several factors may concur to its determination and a well-founded theory does not exist yet. This counts for statics and even more in dynamics. Addressing the properties in compression of bricks at high strain rates is rare, namely no studies of size dependence on masonry bricks in dynamic regimes are published. Lately, a series of experimental campaigns were conducted by the authors at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. In these campaigns, a series of compression tests were performed on several types of adobe bricks. Different soil mixtures were used to produce cylindrical samples of different sizes. Compressive tests from 2e-5 s-1 to 10 s-1 and 100 s-2 were executed using hydraulic machines as well as split Hopkinson bars. Next, the static as well as the dynamic material properties as calculated from tests on specimens of different sizes and material compositions have been qualitatively and quantitatively compared and interpreted. In this paper, the experimental program is presented, next the material properties in strength and ductility as well as the dynamic increase factors are investigated.
Highlights
An increasing number of military operations is taking place in highly urbanized environments located out of area (OoA-Out of Area Operations)
This paper presents and interprets the results of a series of experimental campaigns aimed at testing the static as well as the dynamic material properties of adobe specimens of different size, shape and material composition
Compression tests in static and dynamic regimes have been performed on adobe specimens of different geometries, shapes and material composition
Summary
An increasing number of military operations is taking place in highly urbanized environments located out of area (OoA-Out of Area Operations) In these contexts, battle fields are displayed among houses and structures for civilian use. Two of them addresses the topic of size dependence by introducing aspect ratio dependent functions These functions have not been validated against the plethora of tests executed over the recent past years in literature, nor account for the influence of shape and especially mixture composition on the static properties of bricks and mortar. The static properties, but especially the dynamic performance of natural composite materials as adobe, counts This is the case because adobe masonry structures are largely spread in many areas of the world currently involved into military operations [3]. Results collected in this paper are meant to help answer the following research questions for adobe: a) Influence of shape, size and fibres on static unconfined strength and validation of existing standard; b) Influence of size on the dynamic increase factors; c) Influence of fibres on the dynamic increase factors
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