Abstract
Utilization of Ti4O7 in applications such as catalyst support calls for control over the size of the Ti4O7 nanoparticles. This can be achieved using a simple process such as carbothermal reduction. In this study, various sizes of Ti4O7 nanoparticles (25, 60, and 125 nm) were synthesized by carbothermal reduction using a multimode microwave apparatus. It was possible to produce Ti4O7 nanoparticles as small as 25 nm by precisely controlling the temperature, heating process, and holding time of the sample while taking advantage of the characteristics of microwave heating such as rapid and volumetric heating. The results show that microwave carbothermal reduction is advantageous in controlling the size of the Ti4O7 nanoparticles.
Highlights
Ti4 O7 is a Magnéli phase material [1] that exhibits excellent electrical conductivity at room temperature, with a value of about 103 S cm−1, which is comparable to graphite [2,3,4]
To achieve a reduction of the pristine TiO2 to Ti4 O7 and retaining of the nanomorphology of pristineTiO2 at the same time, various experiments were conducted in different heating regimes to Crystals 2018, 8, 444
To achieve a reduction of the pristine TiO2 to Ti4O7 and retaining of the nanomorphology of pristineTiO2 at the same time, various experiments were conducted in different heating regimes to decide the optimal optimal experiment experiment condition
Summary
Ti4 O7 is a Magnéli phase material [1] that exhibits excellent electrical conductivity at room temperature, with a value of about 103 S cm−1 , which is comparable to graphite [2,3,4]. As well as acidic electrolytes [6] From these features, it is possible to use Ti4 O7 in different applications, such as unitized regenerative fuel cells [7,8], polymer electrolyte fuel cells [9,10,11], lithium-sulfur batteries [12,13,14], and water filtration systems [15,16]. It is possible to use Ti4 O7 in different applications, such as unitized regenerative fuel cells [7,8], polymer electrolyte fuel cells [9,10,11], lithium-sulfur batteries [12,13,14], and water filtration systems [15,16] For all these applications, it is necessary to synthesize single-phase Ti4 O7 nanomaterials with a high specific surface area [4]. Zhang et al prepared fiber-like Ti4 O7 by heating intermediate H2 Ti3 O7 at 1050 ◦ C under a hydrogen atmosphere [23], but the fibers sintered and became submicron chains
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