Abstract
The geographical locations of some airlines enable them to conduct ‘sixth freedom’ operations, ie to exploit the large volumes of traffic which may be carried between foreign countries on through connecting services routed via their home states. Sixth freedom traffic may be economically significant to airlines having long intercontinental routes: hub-and-spokes route networks are developed and the airline may achieve a high market share. Competition for sixth freedom traffic has resulted in the sale of unofficial discount fares through ‘bucket shops’ and the practice of ‘dumping’, which governments should seek to control.
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