Abstract
Color match and water sorption are two factors that affect restorative materials. Discoloration is essential in the lifespan of restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate color change and water sorption of nine flowable composites at multiple time points over 6 months. 60 samples of each composite were divided into two groups (Color Change and Water Sorption/Solubility). Each Color Change group was divided into six subgroups, which were immersed in distilled water (DW), coffee (CF), Coca-Cola (CC), red wine (RW), tea (TE) and orange juice (OJ). The color was measured at the baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, and 3 and 6 months and color change values (ΔE) were calculated. Each Water Sorption [WS]/Solubility [WL] group was tested according to ISO 4049:2009. The data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA, Fisher's post-hoc test and Pearson's correlation test. The composite with the lowest ΔE differed for each solution: Filtek™ Bulk Fill in DW (∆E = 0.73 (0.17-1.759)); Vertise Flow in CF (∆E = 14.75 (7.91-27.41)), in TE (∆E = 7.27 (2.81-24.81)) and OJ (∆E = 3.17 (0.87-9.92)); Tetric EvoFlow® in CC (∆E = 1.27 (0.45-4.02)); and Filtek™ Supreme XTE in RW (∆E = 8.88 (5.23-19.59)). RW caused the most discoloration (∆E = 23.62 (4.93-51.36)). Vertise Flow showed the highest water sorption (WS = 69.10 ± 7.19). The Pearson test showed statistically significant positive correlations between water sorption and solubility and between water sorption and ∆E; the positive solubility-∆E correlation was not statistically significant. The findings suggest that water sorption is one factor associated with the ability of composites to discolor; however, discoloration is a multifactorial problem.
Highlights
IntroductionComposite resin-based materials are widely used to meet the growing demand for aesthetic and cosmetic dental treatments.[1,2] These composites have a natural appearance and are more conservative and less costly than other materials, such as ceramics.[3,4] Several types of resin-based composites are available with different physical properties and are classified according to resin matrix,[5] particle size, filler distribution[6] and flow ability.[6,7]The first generation of flowable composites was introduced in 1996.7 These low-viscosity resin-based restorative materials differ from conventional resin composites in their filler load[8] and in theirBraz
In response to the lack of research on the color instability of conventional flowable composites[14,15] and the apparent absence of literature on new flowable composites, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of immersion in a range of beverages on the color change and water sorption of nine flowable composites at multiple time points over 6 months
The data for ΔE were non-parametric and were calculated as the median (Minimum-Maximum); a logarithmic transformation of the ΔE values was conducted, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed normality of the transformed data and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test maintained the same levels of significance
Summary
Composite resin-based materials are widely used to meet the growing demand for aesthetic and cosmetic dental treatments.[1,2] These composites have a natural appearance and are more conservative and less costly than other materials, such as ceramics.[3,4] Several types of resin-based composites are available with different physical properties and are classified according to resin matrix,[5] particle size, filler distribution[6] and flow ability.[6,7]The first generation of flowable composites was introduced in 1996.7 These low-viscosity resin-based restorative materials differ from conventional resin composites in their filler load[8] and in theirBraz. Six-month color change and water sorption of 9 new-generation f lowable composites in 6 staining solutions formulation, which contains a higher proportion of diluent monomers.[8] The novel flowable composites were developed in 2000 with the aim of improving their mechanical properties.[9] These flowable composites are available in two forms: self-adhesive and bulk-fill flowable composites. Self-adhesive flowable composites contain acidic monomers[10,11] and require no adhesive bonding agent, necessitating fewer clinical application steps than conventional composites.[12] Bulk-fill flowable composites can be placed in bulk up to 4 mm thick, eliminating the incremental placement technique required with other currently available composites.[13]
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