Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of 6 weeks of reducing daily caloric intake by 20% of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)-CRI vs. reducing daily caloric intake by 30% of TDEE-CRII on body mass reduction and insulin metabolism in former athletes. Methods: 94 males aged 35.7 ± 5.3 years, height 180.5 ± 4.1 cm, and body mass 96.82 ± 6.2 kg were randomly assigned to the CRI (n = 49) or CRII (n = 45) group. Thirty-one participants (18 subjects from CRI and 13 from CRII) resigned from the study. The effects of both diets on the body composition variables (body mass—BM; body fat—BF; fat free mass—FFM; muscle mass—MM; total body water—TBW), lipid profile (total lipids—TL; total cholesterol—TCh; HDL cholesterol—HDL; LDL cholesterol—LDL; triglycerides—TG), and glucose control variables (glucose—GL, insulin—I, HOMA-IR, insulin-like growth factor-1—IGF-1, leptin and adiponectin) were measured. Results: After adhering to the CR I diet, significant differences were observed in FFM, MM and TG. After adhering to the CR II diet, significant differences were registered in tCh, TL and LDL. Both diets had a significant influence on leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Significant differences in FFM, MM, and tCh were observed between the CR I and CR II groups. At the end of the dietary intervention, significant differences in BF, FFM, MM and TBW were observed between the CR I and CR II groups. Conclusion: The 6 weeks of CR II diet appeared to be more effective in reducing BF and lipid profile and proved to be especially suitable for subjects with high body fat content and an elevated level of lipoproteins and cholesterol. Both reductive diets were effective in improving the levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese former athletes.
Highlights
In many sports disciplines, and especially those in which muscular strength and body mass are important for performance, lack of physical activity and diet modification after the end of the career cause a drastic increase in body mass [1]
No significant differences were noted between calorie restrictions (CRs) I and CR II groups for all measured variables before and after the diet intervention, except tCh and LDL (Table 4)
A statistically significant decrease in TG, TL and leptin, and an increase in adiponectin levels were observed in both the CR
Summary
Especially those in which muscular strength and body mass are important for performance, lack of physical activity and diet modification after the end of the career cause a drastic increase in body mass [1] This often leads former athletes to become overweight or even obese [1,2,3]. Only a few papers have been published regarding this topic [1,2,3,4,5], indicating that the maintenance of normal body mass in former athletes is a serious health issue [6] Weight gain in this population is a consequence of three. A significant reduction in the volume and intensity of daily physical activity is observed, and as a consequence, a decreased resting metabolic rate occurs [7]
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