Abstract
Each construction material deals with specific mechanical properties, their distribution, damage mechanisms, and degradation processes. Therefore, each material requires a particular assessment approach in order to derive a reliable description of the residual performance of the structure, correctly remove the cause of damage, and proceed with the correct design of interventions. The aims of this paper are, first, the definition of a process of assessment and retrofitting of existing timber structures, both for engineered and heritage/traditional timber structures, and second, a comparison between the defined assessment process and its contents, and the content of existing guidelines, codes, and standards. In order to gain a definition of the process of assessment and retrofitting of existing timber structures, the content of scientific papers and articles was analyzed, and on this basis, an assessment process with six main steps and three milestones was developed. The content of the guidelines, codes and standards was afterwards analyzed basing on this six-steps assessment process. From a comparison among the current literature, guidelines, codes, and standards, interesting results emerged that gave us a picture of the European knowledge and interests on the assessment of existing timber structures. Not only agreement, but also discrepancies, variances, and incongruities were identified as possible topics for future research.
Highlights
The condition survey and diagnosis of structural elements are the first steps for the assessment of existing timber structures in order to proceed with the planning of interventions for continuing or change of use
Due to the increasing importance of wood as a new and rediscovered construction material, there is an increasing amount of literature about the assessment and retrofitting of timber constructions, among which there is an increasing number of papers deal with the assessment of heritage/traditional timber structures
It is of basic importance that they offer adequate tools for the specific construction material, in order to lead the expert in the correct assessment process
Summary
Guidelines, and standards are written with the general purpose to guide experts in the correct development of their professional tasks. Guidelines, and standards that deal with the conservation of heritage structures indirectly influence the approach to the survey and the retrofitting. Codes, guidelines and standards that focus on the assessment process of existing structures based on the six-step assessment process defined in the Section 2 are analyzed. The document Principles for the analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage [25] describes qualitative general assessment criteria valid for all heritage construction materials. The document gives qualitative indications for the diagnosis (Step 3) and structural model (Step 4), and concludes with very general concept of “proposal for interventions” (Step 6)
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